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X-ray presentations of pneumonia may be classified as lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia (also known as lobular pneumonia), and interstitial pneumonia. ASKEP BRONCHOPNEUMONIA. Asuhan Keperawatan KB IUD. Askep Hiperbilirubin PDF.docx. Peritonitis LP & Askep (3) Peritonitis LP & Askep (3) LAPORAN PENDAHULUAN.doc. 10/12/2013. ASKEP BRONCHOPNEUMONIA PADA ANAK | Nurse Rifa Sa'yan Nurse Rifa Sa'yan Generasi Perawat Profesional Beranda About gallery ASKEP BRONCHOPNEUMONIA PADA ANAK. ASKEP BRONCHOPNEUMONIA. Unggahan Sign in Join. Books Audiobooks Comics Sheet Music. Scribd Selects Books. Hand-picked favorites from our editors. Scribd Selects. ASKEP BRONCHOPNEUMONIAThis action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue? KUMPULAN ASKEP Beranda; Saatnya Anda Mengenal MMM; Info Bisnis Online; Daftar Askep. Penyebab dari bronchopneumonia adalah bakteri dengan virulensi rendah. ASKEP BRONCHOPNEUMONIA KONSEP MEDIS A. PENGERTIAN Bronchopneumoni adalah salah satu jenis pneumonia yang mempunyai pola penyebaran berbercak, teratur dalam satu atau. ASKEP BRONCHOPNEUMONIA. Disusun sebagai tugas mata kuliah Respirasi Dosen Pengampu : Suyami. askep bronkopneumonia.pdf. askep bronkopneumonia.pdf. by Dwi Ari Shandy. ASKEP BRONCHOPNEUMONIA.doc - Free download as Word Doc (.doc), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Bronchopneumonia biasanya didahului oleh suatu infeksi di saluran pernafasan bagian atas selama beberapa hari. 0 Komentar untuk 'ASKEP BRONKOPNEUMONIA PADA ANAK'. Askep pneumonia infeksi atau radang yang cukup serius pada paru-paru. sehingga biasa disebut dengan bronchopneumonia. Download Askep Format PDF. ASKEP BRONKOPNEUMONIA PADA ANAK - ASUHAN KEPERAWATANPENDAHULUAN. Bronkopneumonia disebut juga pneumonia lobularis yaitu. Kebanyakan kasus pneumonia. Bronkopneumonia lebih sering merupakan infeksi. Insiden penyakit ini pada negara berkembang hampir 3. Negara. berkembang infeksi saluran napas bawah masih tetap merupakan masalah utama. Laporan WHO 1. 99. Hasil survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga Depkes tahun 2. Indonesia. Di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Pneumonia komuniti menduduki peringkat keempat dan sepuluh penyakit. Gambaran klinis bronkopneumonia biasanya didahului oleh infeksi. Batuk biasanya tidak dijumpai. Gambaran klinis pada. Bronkiolitis, Aspirasi. Tb paru primer, sehingga penatalaksanaan dapat dilakukan secara. Mampu menerapkan perawatan pasien. Dapat melakukan pengkajian secara. Mampu melaksanakan tindakan keperawatan. Broncho pneumoni adalah frekuensi komplikasi pulmonari. Suzanne G Bare, 1. Bronkho pneumonia adalah salah satu peradangan paru yang. Yang dapat disebabkan oleh. Dep. Kes. 1. 99. 6 : Halaman 1. Bronchopneumoni adalah salah satu jenis pneumonia yang. Smeltzer & Suzanne C, 2. Bronchopneomonia adalah penyebaran daerah infeksi yang. Sylvia A. Price & Lorraine M. W, 2. 00. 6: 8. 05). Kesimpulan Bronchopneomonia adalah salah satu jenis. Secara umum individu yang terserang bronchopneumonia. Orang yang normal dan sehat mempunyai mekanisme. Timbulnya bronchopneumonia disebabkan oleh virus, bakteri. Sandra M. Nettiria. Bakteri : Streptococcus, Staphylococcus. H. Influenzae, Klebsiella. Virus : Legionella. Jamur : Aspergillus. Candida albicansd. Aspirasi makanan, sekresi orofaringeal atau isi lambung ke. Terjadi karena kongesti paru yang lama. Sebab lain dari pneumonia adalah akibat flora normal yang. Mycoplasma. (Smeltzer & Suzanne C, 2. Sandra M. Nettina. Menurut Whaley’s dan Wong (1. Streptococus, staphylococcus atau basil ektrik sebagai agen. Selain itu juga dapat disebabkan. Diplococus Pneumonia, Pneumococcus, Stretococcus Hemoliticus. Aureus, Haemophilus Influenza, Basilus Friendlander (Klebsial Pneumoni). Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Virus : Respiratory syntical virus, virus. Jamur : Citoplasma Capsulatum, Criptococcus. Nepromas, Blastomices Dermatides, Cocedirides Immitis, Aspergillus Sp. Candinda Albicans, Mycoplasma Pneumonia. Aspirasi benda asing. Kuman penyebab bronchopneumonia masuk ke dalam jaringan. Kemudian proses radang ini selalu dimulai pada hilus paru. Dimana proses. peradangan ini dapat dibagi dalam empat (4) tahap, antara lain : a. Stadium Kongesti (4 – 1. Dimana lobus yang meradang tampak warna kemerahan. Stadium Hepatisasi (4. Dimana lobus paru tampak lebih padat dan bergranuler karena. Stadium Hepatisasi Kelabu (3 – 8 hari). Dimana paru- paru menjadi kelabu karena lecocit dan. Stadium Resolusi (7 – 1. Dimana eksudat lisis dan reabsorbsi oleh makrofag sehingga. Sylvia Anderson Pearce, 1. Bakteri dan virus penyebab terisap ke paru perifer melalui. Bagian paru yang terkena. PMN (polimofonuklear) fibrin. Kelanjutan proses infeksi berupa. PMN di alveoli dan proses fagositosis yang cepat. Mansjoer, 2. 00. 0: 9. Bronchopneumonia biasanya didahului oleh suatu infeksi di. Pada tahap awal, penderita. Barbara C. long, 1. Terdengar adanya krekels di atas paru yang sakit dan. Sandra M. Nettina, 2. Tanda gejala yang muncul pada bronkopneumonia adalah: a. Kesulitan dan sakit pada saat pernafasan. Nafas dangkal dan mendengkurb. Bunyi nafas di atas area yang menglami konsolidasi. Mengecil, kemudian menjadi hilangc. Gerakan dada tidak simetrisd. Menggigil dan demam 3. C sampai 4. 1,1°C, deliriumh. Batuk kental, produktif Sputum kuning kehijauan kemudian. Sianosis Area sirkumoral, dasar kuku kebiruank. Masalah- masalah psikososial : disorientasi, ansietas, takut. Martin tucker, Susan. 2. Pemerikasaan Penunjang. Untuk dapat menegakkan diagnosa keperawatan dapat digunakan cara: a. Pemeriksaan Laboratorium. Pada kasus bronchopneumonia oleh bakteri akan terjadi. Sandra M. Nettina, 2. Bahan pemeriksaan yang terbaik diperoleh dari batuk yang. Digunakan untuk pemeriksaan mikroskopis dan untuk kultur. Barbara C, Long, 1. Analisa gas darah untuk mengevaluasi status. Sandra M. Nettina, 2. Kultur darah untuk mendeteksi bakteremia. Sampel darah, sputum, dan urin untuk tes. Sandra M. Nettina, 2. Menunjukkan konsolidasi lobar yang seringkali dijumpai pada. Infiltrat multiple seringkali. Barbara C, Long. 1. Laringoskopi/ bronkoskopi untuk. Sandra M, Nettina. Penatalaksanaan Keperawatan yang dapat diberikan. Menjaga kelancaran pernapasanc. Kebutuhan nutrisi dan cairane. Mencegah komplikasi atau gangguan rasa nyaman dan nyaman. Sementara Penatalaksanaan medis yang dapat diberikan. Oksigen 2 liter/menit (sesuai kebutuhan klien)b. Jika sesak tidak terlalu hebat, dapat dimulai makan. Jika sekresi lendir berlebihan dapat diberikan inhalasi. Koreksi gangguan keseimbangan asam basa dan elektrolit. Arief Mansjoer,2. B. Asuhan Keperawatan. Usia bronkopneumoni sering terjadi pada anak. Kasus. terbanyak sering terjadi pada anak berusia dibawah 3 tahun dan kematian. Keluhan Utama : sesak nafas. Didahului oleh gejala- gejala infeksi saluran nafas. Pneumonia Stafilokokus (bakteri). Didahului oleh infeksi saluran pernapasan akut atau bawah. Riwayat Kesehatan Dahulu. Sering menderita penyakit saluran pernapasan bagian atas. Bronchopneumonia). Inspeksi : Perlu diperhatikan adanya takhipnea, dispnea. Palpasi : Suara redup pada sisi yang sakit, hati mungkin. Perkusi : Suara redup pada sisi yang sakit. Auskultasi : Pada pneumoniakan terdengar stidor suara nafas. Tanda : bunyi napas ronkhi. Aktivitas atau istirahat. Gejala : kelemahan, kelelahan, insomnia. Tanda : penurunan toleransi aktivitas, letargi. Integritas ego : banyaknya stressor. Gejala ; kehilangan napsu makan, mual, muntah. Tanda: distensi abdomen, hiperperistaltik usus, kulit. Gejala : sakit kepala, nyeri dada (pleritis). Tanda : melindungi area yang sakit (pasien. Doengos,2. 00. 0). Bersihan jalan nafas tidak. Doenges, 2. 00. 0 : 1. Gangguan pertukaran gas berhubungan. Doenges, 2. 00. 0 : 1. Pola nafas tidak. Doenges. 2. 00. 0 : 1. Gangguan keseimbangan cairan dan. Doenges, 2. 00. 0 : 1. Nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh. Doenges, 2. 00. 0 : 1. Intoleransi aktifitas berhubungan dengan. Doenges, 2. 00. 0 : 1. Diagnosa : Bersihan. Mempertahankan. jalan nafas paten dengan bunyi nafas bersih/ jelas. Menunjukkan. perilaku untuk memperbaiki bersihan jalan nafas Misalnya. Auskultasi bunyi. Misalnya: mengi, krekels dan ronchi. Rasional. Bersihan jalan nafas yang tidak efektif dapat dimanifestasikan dengan adanya. Kaji atau pantau. Rasional: Takipnea biasanya. Pernafasan dapat melambat dan frekuensi. Berikan. posisi yang nyaman buat pasien, misalnya posisi semi fowler. Rasional: Posisi semi fowler. Dorong atau bantu. Rasional: Memberikan pasien. Observasi. karakteristik batuk, bantu tindakan untuk memperbaiki ke efektifan upaya batuk. Rasional: Batuk dapat. Batuk paling efektif pada posisi duduk tinggi. Kolaborasi untuk. B- agonis, epinefrin (adrenalin, Vaponefrin). Rasional: Merilekskan otot. Diagnosa : Gangguan. Perbaikan. ventilasi dan oksigenasi jaringan dengan GDA dalam rentang normal dan tidak ada. Menunjukkan. adanya perbaikan ventilasi dan oksigenasi jaringan. Berpartisispasi. pada tindakan untuk memaksimalkan oksigenasi. Rasional: Manifestasi. Observasi. warna kulit, membran mukosa dan kuku. Catat adanya sianosis. Rasional: Sianosis. Rasional: Gelisah, mudah. Awasi. frekuensi jantung atau irama. Rasional: Takikardi biasanya. Awasi. suhu tubuh. Bantu tindakan kenyamanan untuk mengurangi demam dan menggigil. Rasional: Demam tinggi. Tinggikan. kepala dan dorong sering mengubah posisi, nafas dalam, dan batuk efektif. Rasional: Tindakan ini. Kolaborasi. pemberian oksigen dengan benar sesuai dengan indikasi. Rasional. Mempertahankan Pa. O2 di atas 9. 0 mm. Hg. 3. Diagnosa. Pola nafas tidak efektif berhubungan dengan proses inflamasi dalam alveoli. Pola nafas efektif dengan. Frekuensi dan. kedalamanya dalam rentang normal (1. Kaji frekuensi. kedalaman pernafasan dan ekspansi dada. Rasional: Kecepatan biasanya. Auskultasi bunyi. Rasional: Bunyi nafas. Tinggikan. kepala dan bentu mengubah posisi. Rasional: Duduk tinggi. Observasi. pola batuk dan karakter sekret. Rasional: Batuk biasanya. Bantu pasien untuk. Rasional. Dapat meningkatkan pengeluaran sputum. Berikan humidifikasi. Rasional: Memberikan. Bantu fisioterapi. Rasional: Memudahkan upaya. Kolaborasi pemberian. Rasional. Memaksimalkan bernafas dan menurunkan kerja nafas. Diagnosa : Gangguan. Tujuan. : Menunjukkan keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit. Intake. dan output yang adekuat. Tanda- tanda. vital dalam batas normal. Rasional. Untuk menunjukkan adnya kekurangan cairan sistemik. Rasional. Indikator langsung keadekuatan masukan cairan. Catat laporan mual. Rasional. Adanya gejala ini menurunkan masukan oral. Rasional: Memberikan. Kolaborasi pemberian. Rasional: Memperbaiki ststus. Diagnosa. : Nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh berhubungan dengan peningkatan kebutuhan. Tujuan : Pemenuhan nutrisi. Menunjukkan. peningkatan nafsu makan. Mempertahankan atau. Bissing usus dalam. Identifikasi. faktor yang menimbulkan mual atau muntah. Rasional: Pilihan intervensi. Berikan wadah. tertutup untuk sputum dan buang sesering mungkin, bantu kebersihan mulut. Rasional: Menghilangkan. Jadwalkan. pengobatan pernafasan sedikitnya 1 jam sebelum makan. Rasional. Menurunkan efek mual yang berhubungan dengan pengobatan ini. Auskultasi bunyi. Rasional: Bunyi usus mungkin. Evaluasi status. nutrisi umum, ukur berat badan dasar. Rasional: Adanya kondisi. Kolaborasi dengan. Rasional : metode. Diagnosa . Intoleransi aktifitas berhubungan dengan insufisiensi oksigen untuk aktifitas. Tujuan. : Peningkatan toleransi terhadap aktifitas. Menunjukkan. peningkatan toleransi terhadap aktifitas. Tanda- tanda. vital dalam batas normal. Evaluasi respon. pasien terhadap aktivitas. Rasional. Menetapkan kemampuan atau kebutuhan pasien dan memudahkan pilihan intervensi. Berikan. lingkungan yang tenang dan batasi pengunjung selama fase akut. Rasional. Menurunkan stres dan rangsangan berlebihan, meningkatkan istirahat. Jelaskan pentingnya. Rasional: Tirah baring. New York Zip Code Listings 2. Accord (8. 45)1. 24. Acra (5. 18)1. 36. Adams (3. 15)1. 44. Adams Basin (5. 85)1. Adams Center (3. 15)1. Adams Corners (8. Adams Cove (3. 15)1. Addisleigh Park (7. Addisleigh Park (7. Addison (6. 07)1. Adirondack (5. 18)1. Afton (6. 07)1. 37. Afton Lake (6. 07)1. Airmont (8. 45)1. Airmont (8. 45)1. Akron (7. 16)1. 36. Akwesasne (5. 18)1. Alabama (5. 85)1. Albany (5. 18)1. 22. Albany (5. 18)1. 22.
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Featuring a heavy concentration of industry and the. Wilmington Zip Code - Get the zipcode for Wilmington in Los Angeles, (CA) California - zip-codez.com. Lookup area code information for WILMINGTON, CA. Get the NPA NXX (area code and prefix) as well as much more data for WILMINGTON, CA. Get directions, maps, and traffic for Wilmington, CA. Check flight prices and hotel availability for your visit. City of Wilmington, CA - LOS ANGELES County California ZIP Codes. Detailed information on every zip code in Wilmington. State: 4. 6%Mar. 2. U. S. average is 1. Land area: 8. 3 sq. Water area: 1. 1 sq. Population density: 6,8. Recent home sales, real estate maps, and home value estimator for zip code 9. OSM Map. General Map. Google Map. MSN Map. OSM Map. General Map. Google Map. MSN Map. OSM Map. General Map. Google Map. MSN Map. Please wait while loading the map.. Real estate property taxes paid for housing units in 2. This zip code: 0. California: 0. 8% ($3,0. Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with mortgages in 2. Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with no mortgage in 2. Business Search- 1. Million verified businesses. For population 2. High school or higher: 5. Bachelor's degree or higher: 6. Graduate or professional degree: 1. Unemployed: 1. 5. Mean travel time to work (commute): 2. For population 1. Never married: 4. Now married: 4. 1. Separated: 3. 2%Widowed: 4. Divorced: 7. 6%Zip code 9. Black race population percentage below state average. Hispanic race population percentage above state average. Median age below state average. House age above state average. Percentage of population with a bachelor's degree or higher significantly below state average. Data: Median household income ($)Median household income (% change since 2. Races - White alone (%)Races - White alone (% change since 2. Races - Black alone (%)Races - Black alone (% change since 2. 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Vacancy status - For rent (%)Vacancy status - For sale only (%)Vacancy status - Rented or sold, not occupied (%)Vacancy status - For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use (%)Vacancy status - For migrant workers (%)Vacancy status - Other vacant (%)Mean house or condo value by units in structure - 1, detached ($)Mean house or condo value by units in structure - 1, attached ($)Mean house or condo value by units in structure - 2 ($)Mean house or condo value by units in structure by units in structure - 3 or 4 ($)Mean house or condo value by units in structure - 5 or more ($)Mean house or condo value by units in structure - Boat, RV, van, etc. Mean house or condo value by units in structure - Mobile home ($)Household density (households per square mile)Residents with income below the poverty level (%)Residents with income below 5. Children below poverty level (%)Poor families by family type - Married- couple family (%)Poor families by family type - Male, no wife present (%)Poor families by family type - Female, no husband present (%)Poverty status for native- born residents (%)Poverty status for foreign- born residents (%)Poverty among high school graduates not in families (%)Poverty among people who did not graduate high school not in families (%) 1. Presidential Elections Results - Democratic Party (Clinton) 1. Presidential Elections Results - Republican Party (Dole) 1. Presidential Elections Results - Other 2. Presidential Elections Results - Democratic Party (Gore) 2. Presidential Elections Results - Republican Party (Bush) 2. Presidential Elections Results - Other 2. Presidential Elections Results - Democratic Party (Kerry) 2. Presidential Elections Results - Republican Party (Bush) 2. Presidential Elections Results - Other 2. Presidential Elections Results - Democratic Party (Obama) 2. 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School Enrollment - College undergrad (%)School Enrollment - Graduate or professional (%)School Enrollment - Not enrolled in school (%) School enrollment - Public schools (%) School enrollment - Private schools (%) School enrollment - Not enrolled (%)Houses owner occupied (%)Houses renter occupied (%)Houses occupied (%)Median year house/condo built. Median year apartment built. House/condo owner moved in on average (years ago)Renter moved in on average (years ago)Median number of rooms in houses and condos. Median number of rooms in apartments. Mortgage status - with mortgage (%)Mortgage status - with second mortgage (%)Mortgage status - with home equity loan (%)Mortgage status - with both second mortgage and home equity loan (%)Mortgage status - without a mortgage (%)Housing units lacking complete plumbing facilities (%)Housing units lacking complete kitchen facilities (%)Median number of bedrooms in owner occupied houses. Mean number of bedrooms in owner occupied houses. Median number of bedrooms in renter occupied houses. Mean number of bedrooms in renter occupied houses. Median number of vehichles in owner occupied houses. Mean number of vehichles in owner occupied houses. Median number of vehichles in renter occupied houses. Mean number of vehichles in renter occupied houses. Average family size. Households with people 6. Households with people 6. Households with people 7. 3 Digit Zip Code Maps and Customizable Sales Territory Maps of the USA States and Zipcode Region Maps and Heat Maps. MAPS of ZIP CODES Zip Codes Map. Map System.USA Zipcode Maps 3- Digit Zip code Map. Save Maps as hi- res vector PDF files. Save Maps at A4, A3, A2, A1 sizes. The Houston 3 Digit Zip Code Texas Maps from ZipCodeMaps are valuable busines. easy-to-use map books and convenient digital. Houston 3 Digit Zip Code. Edit your saved maps in the future. Customize Borders and Colors. Save Full USA or Only Zoomed- In Areas. Try the system FREE of charge. 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Pneumococcal Facial Cellulitis in Children Laurence B. Givner, MD*; Edward O. Mason, Jr, PhD‡; William J. Barson, MD§; Tina Q. Tan, MDi; Ellen R. Wald, MD. Facial cellulitis includes both periorbital. Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center. PDF. Table of Contents; Early. Pneumococcal Facial Cellulitis in Children | ELECTRONIC ARTICLEAbstract. Objective. To review the epidemiology and clinical course of facial cellulitis attributable to. Streptococcus pneumoniae in children. Design. Cases were reviewed retrospectively at 8 children's hospitals in the United States for the period of September 1. December 1. 99. 8. Results. We identified 5. Ninety- two percent of patients were < 3. Most were previously healthy; among the 6 with underlying disease were the only 2 patients with bilateral facial cellulitis. Fever (temperature: ≥1. F) and leukocytosis (white blood cell count: > 1. Two of 1. 5 patients who underwent lumbar puncture had cerebrospinal fluid with mild pleocytosis, which was culture- negative. All patients had blood cultures positive for S pneumoniae. Serotypes 1. 4 and 6. B accounted for 5. Overall, 1. 6% and 4% were nonsusceptible to penicillin and ceftriaxone, respectively. Such isolates did not seem to cause disease that was either more severe or more refractory to therapy than that attributable to penicillin- susceptible isolates. 1 Created by Carrie Rassbach, MD LPCH Pediatric Hospitalist May, 2011 Periorbital and Orbital Cellulitis Summary Definitions: Periorbital and orbital cellulitis are. Overall, the patients did well; one third were treated as outpatients. Conclusions. Pneumococcal facial cellulitis occurs primarily in young children (< 3. Conclusions. Pneumococcal facial cellulitis occurs primarily in young children (<36 months of age) who are at risk for pneumococcal bacteremia.Management of preseptal and orbital. patients admitted for management of preseptal and orbital cellulitis. cellulitis in childhood. Pediatrics, 62. Cellulitis and erysipelas manifest as areas of skin erythema, edema, and warmth. Editor-in-Chief — Pediatrics Section Editor — Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Orbital cellulitis should be suspected in any patient with adnexal, facial, or dental infection when orbital pain, proptosis, limitation of ocular motility. Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft. An etiologic diagnosis of simple cellulitis is. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2003. They present with fever and leukocytosis. Response to therapy is generally good in those with disease attributable to penicillin- susceptible or - nonsusceptible S pneumoniae. Ninety- six percent of the serotypes causing facial cellulitis in this series are included in the heptavalent- conjugated pneumococcal vaccine recently licensed in the United States. Facial cellulitis includes both periorbital (preseptal) and buccal cellulitis. When associated with trauma or contiguous infection (eg, stye), Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes are likely causes. In the absence of trauma or contiguous infection, historically Haemophilus influenzae type b was the most common cause followed by. Streptococcus pneumoniae. Since the virtual eradication of invasive disease caused by H influenzae type b in the United States through the use of conjugated vaccines, S pneumoniae now likely predominates in such cases. In view of this and the dramatic increase in antibiotic resistance noted among S pneumoniae isolates beginning in the early 1. S pneumoniae among children seen in recent years at 8 children's hospitals in the United States. METHODSThe US Pediatric Multicenter Pneumococcal Surveillance Group consists of investigators from 8 children's hospitals. Since 1. 99. 3, these investigators have prospectively identified children seen at their centers with invasive disease attributable to S pneumoniae (documented by isolation from a normally sterile body site). For the current study, further information was gathered retrospectively for each case of facial cellulitis identified from September 1, 1. December 3. 1, 1. The pneumococcal isolates from each center were sent to a central laboratory (Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX) where serotyping and susceptibility testing for penicillin and ceftriaxone were peformed. Isolates were serotyped by the capsular swelling method using commercially available antisera (Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Daco, Inc, Carpinteria, CA). Susceptibility testing was performed by standard microbroth dilution with Mueller- Hinton media supplemented with 3% lysed horse blood. Susceptibility was defined according to the 1. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines for minimal inhibitory concentrations. L, susceptible; . L, intermediate; ≥2. L, resistant: for ceftriaxone, ≤. L, susceptible; 1. L, intermediate; and ≥2. L, resistant. Isolates that were intermediate or resistant were considered nonsusceptible. The statistical significance of differences in the frequencies of categorical variables was tested with either Fisher's exact test or χ2 test for trends. Two- tailed Pvalues <. RESULTSDuring the study, 5. Forty- five had periorbital and 7 had buccal cellulitis. They ranged in age from 6 weeks to 6 years with a median age of 1. Forty- eight (9. 2%) were < 3. Thirty- four patients (6. Thirty- two patients were white, 1. Hispanic. Ten patients attended day care, 3. Underlying illnesses included: cancer (4), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection (1), and facial cystic hygroma (1). Only 2 patients had bilateral facial cellulitis (both periorbital) and both had underlying disease: acute lymphocytic leukemia (1) and human immunodeficiency virus (1). Thus, both of the patients with bilateral cellulitis had an underlying disease/immunodeficiency versus 4 of 5. P = . 0. 1). Recent previous trauma to the affected area was noted in 3 patients and contiguous infection in 2 (stye [1] and dacryocystitis [1]). The onset of cellulitis was preceded by symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection (rhinorrhea, cough, and/or congestion) in 2. Such symptoms were present in 2. Fourteen patients had concomitant otitis media: 1. P = . 3. 6). Six of these involved the ipsilateral ear, 3 the contralateral ear, and in 5 both ears were involved. The 3 patients with buccal cellulitis had otitis media in ipsilateral, contralateral, and bilateral ears, respectively. All patients but 1 had a history of fever. Temperature was documented at the time of presentation for 5. F); 2. 9/5. 0 (5. F and ≥1. 03°F, respectively. The cellulitis was noted to have a violaceous hue in 6 cases. White blood cell count was measured at the time of presentation in 5. The white blood cell count was > 1. Fifty patients had white blood cell differential counts performed that revealed: mature neutrophils, mean 5. Eighteen patients (3. Fifteen patients underwent lumbar puncture; 1. All cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test results were normal except for pleocytosis that was noted in 2 patients with periorbital cellulitis (Table 1). These 2 patients had blood cultures positive for penicillin- and ceftriaxone- susceptible pneumococci. All CSF Gram- stains and cultures were negative for bacteria. Table 1. Patients With Facial Cellulitis and Abnormal CSF Findings. Ten patients (all with periorbital cellulitis) had radiologic studies that included the paranasal sinuses (plain radiography, 5; computed tomography, 5). All studies showed abnormalities of the sinuses (thickened mucosa or opacification; no air- fluid levels were noted). The maxillary sinuses were abnormal in all, ethmoids in 8, and pansinusitis was noted in 3 patients. Abnormal findings were bilateral in 7 (including 1 patient with bilateral cellulitis) and unilateral in 3 (the cellulitis was ipsilateral in 2 of these and bilateral in 1). All patients had blood cultures positive for S pneumoniae. One patient also had aspiration of the cellulitis performed, which was culture- positive. Among the 4. 9 isolates submitted for serotyping, the predominant serotypes were 1. B (2. 7%; Table 2). Table 2. Pneumococcal Serotypes Isolated From Patients With Bacteremic Facial Cellulitis. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed at the central laboratory for 5. Of the 5. 1 total isolates, 4. For each calendar year of study, the percent of pneumococci that were nonsusceptible to penicillin was 1. During the study, there was not a statistically significant increase in the percent of cases each year attributable to penicillin- nonsusceptible isolates (P = . During the month before presentation with cellulitis, β- lactam antibiotics had been taken by significantly more patients with penicillin- nonsusceptible isolates (3/8, 3. P = . 0. 4). Overall, 1. Among the 3. 5 patients (6. The median duration of hospitalization was 3 days with a range of 1 to 1. Eleven of the 3. 5 patients (3. All patients were treated successfully. The clinical courses of the 3 patients with penicillin- resistant isolates (2 were intermediate and 1 susceptible to ceftriaxone) are outlined in Table 3. All 3 of these patients had periorbital cellulitis. Their clinical courses seem to be similar to patients with penicillin- susceptible isolates. Table 3. Clinical Courses of Patients With Penicillin- Resistant Pneumococci. DISCUSSIONPneumococcus is now likely the most common cause of bacteremic facial cellulitis in children. Our series is by far the largest published to date of pneumococcal facial cellulitis. We have included both periorbital and buccal cellulitis in this series because although there has been much discussion regarding the pathogenesis of each, it is likely that both are associated with pneumococcal bacteremia. Although proposed by some authors, it is unlikely that buccal cellulitis occurs via lymphatic spread from ipsilateral otitis media. Our finding of otitis media in 4. In our series, in 1 of these 3 only the contralateral ear was involved. In the above noted series. H influenzae type b, 3. H influenzaetype b, while nontypeable H influenzae causes otitis media. Similarly, although proposed by some authors, it is unlikely that sinusitis plays a major role in the pathogenesis of periorbital cellulitis. In our series, radiologic studies of the sinuses were abnormal in all 1. Upper respiratory tract symptoms were noted in 5. Further, before the eradication of disease attributable to H influenzae type b, although this organism was commonly noted to cause bacteremic periorbital cellulitis, it is again nontypeable H influenzae that causes sinusitis. Pneumococcal facial cellulitis occurs in patients at high risk for pneumococcal bacteremia, ie, children younger than 3. Of interest, both of the patients in our series with bilateral periorbital cellulitis had underlying immunodeficiency. In patients who present with bilateral facial cellulitis, if an underlying immunodeficiency has not already been diagnosed, an evaluation for such might be considered. Also of interest, a violaceous hue was noted in 6 of our patients with pneumococcal facial cellulitis. Print these instructions FIRST before accessing template. Using an Excel© Template is another convenient way for employers to file a wage and tax report. A correctly formatted UTF8 file can have a Byte Order Mark as its first three octets. These are the hex values 0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF. These octets serve to mark the file. Project Description Exports a DataTable/IEnumerable to Word / Excel / PDF / CSV / HTML / CSV Can be customized It's developed in C# An updated project can be found here. Microsoft Excel mangles Diacritics in . A correctly formatted UTF8 file can have a Byte Order Mark as its first three octets. These are the hex values 0x. EF, 0x. BB, 0x. BF. These octets serve to mark the file as UTF8 (since they are not relevant as "byte order" information). If this BOM does not exist, the consumer/reader is left to infer the encoding type of the text. Readers that are not UTF8 capable will read the bytes as some other encoding such as Windows- 1.  at the start of the file. 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They were following Stephen Gaskin, a charismatic hippie whose "trips" – he later calls them "visions" – provided the spiritual connection that he and many others were looking for in building a place like the Farm. This book, written by Stephen Gaskin after 2 years of living at the Farm, gives you a good sense of the values and the activities of the people, at this point around 6. The book chronicles their caravan, which took 7 months to land them in their current locale. It wasn't an easy journey and the book lays out some of the problems they encountered. It chronicles their growing awareness of farming and raising their own food, their interaction with neighbors, especially older farmers who they found out were an incredible resource of practical information about agricultural practices in the region. The book encourages others to follow and make their own situations by sharing information and experiences in an open and direct manner. The book today is a study in the groundwork for an intentional community. Page 1. 5 is devoted to enumerating exactly how many acres had to be used to generate the produce needed to sustain their population for one year. There are pages on raising horses, their communal system of banking, building methods, healthy eating, home birthing, and some idiosyncratic gems like "tripping instructions." This is not what you think and has nothing to do with drugs; those are are covered later in the book. Rather "tripping instructions" describe the interactions and relationships of Farm folks. Subscribe to Print or Digital editions If web design matters to you as much as it does to us, then you clearly need a net magazine subscription - choose your format below. Find out what's in the latest issue here. Freeware / Free VB Projects Visual Basic VB Source Code ActiveX Controls COM Components Form Resize VB Form Resizer Print Control Print Component Print PDF Files Print Remote PDF Files Batch Printing PDF Files Print Text Files. The people of the Farm valued truthfulness, as they saw it, and challenging each other on their shortcomings. This page lets a visitor at that time know a little of what to expect from the people who lived there. Large parts of Hey Beatnik! Hippy- speak. Changing language to more accurately reflect a culture shift and create a revolution was a popular strategy at the time, and one held dear by the Farm community. The language shouldn't distract you from the very serious, and continuing, utopian experiment these folks undertook. The Farm is well known for many things, among them the incredible amount of work they have done on home birthing (see Spiritual Midwifery (Click title), by Ida May Gaskin). You can visit the Farm today. 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